IoT-Enabled Smart Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles with Real-Time Charge Monitoring, Thermal Protection, and Intelligent Fire Prevention

Abstract

The rapid adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has increased the demand for advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS) that ensure battery safety, efficiency, and reliability. This project proposes an IoT-Enabled Smart Battery Management System (BMS) with real-time charge monitoring and intelligent fire protection for lithium-ion battery packs. The system continuously monitors critical battery parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, state of charge (SOC), and battery health using multiple sensors interfaced with a microcontroller. The collected data is transmitted to a cloud-based IoT platform, enabling users to monitor battery status remotely through a mobile application or web dashboard. To improve safety, the system incorporates a temperature sensor and smoke/flame detection module that continuously monitor abnormal operating conditions. If excessive temperature, smoke, or fire is detected, the controller immediately disconnects the battery from the load using a relay, activates an alarm, and sends instant notifications to the user through the IoT platform. The proposed system also supports overcharge, over-discharge, and short-circuit protection, thereby extending battery life and preventing hazardous situations. By integrating IoT connectivity, intelligent monitoring, and automatic fire protection into a single platform, the proposed solution enhances battery reliability, user safety, and operational efficiency. This system provides a cost-effective and scalable solution for modern electric vehicles and contributes toward the development of safer and smarter EV energy management systems.