DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTELLIGENT DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER WITH REAL-TIME DATA ACQUISITION

Abstract

The efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems is highly dependent on their ability to capture maximum solar irradiance throughout the day. Traditional fixed solar panels often operate below peak efficiency due to the sun’s varying position, while single-axis trackers provide only limited improvements. This paper presents the design and implementation of an intelligent dual axis solar tracking system with real-time data acquisition, aimed at enhancing energy harvesting and system monitoring. The system employs light-dependent sensors (LDRs), a microcontroller-based control unit, and dual-axis mechanical actuators to continuously align PV panels perpendicular to sunlight. Real-time monitoring is enabled through data acquisition modules and IoT integration, allowing users to remotely track panel orientation, irradiance levels, and power output. Experimental analysis demonstrates that the proposed dual axis tracker increases energy generation by 25–35% compared to fixed panels, while the real-time monitoring feature ensures efficient performance analysis and predictive maintenance. The study highlights the potential of intelligent tracking systems as a sustainable solution for optimizing solar energy utilization in both residential and industrial applications.