ENERGY OPTIMIZATION IN MODERN BUILDINGS VIA A 1KW SOLAR DC GRID FOR LIGHTING AND CHARGING

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions in residential and commercial buildings has driven interest in decentralized renewable power systems. Traditional AC distribution grids often incur conversion losses and require complex infrastructure, making them less efficient for low-power applications such as LED lighting and device charging. This paper presents the design and implementation of a 1kW solar-powered standalone DC grid tailored for optimizing energy usage in modern building spaces. The proposed system integrates photovoltaic panels, DC–DC converters, battery storage, and a regulated DC distribution network to power LED lighting and small electronic devices. By eliminating multiple AC–DC conversion stages, the DC grid achieves higher efficiency and improved system reliability. Smart control mechanisms manage power flow, regulate load demand, and ensure stable operation during fluctuating solar conditions. Experimental validation demonstrates that the system reduces energy losses, enhances lighting efficiency, and provides a cost-effective, ecofriendly alternative to conventional AC-based setups. The study highlights the potential of standalone DC microgrids as a practical solution for promoting renewable energy adoption and reducing carbon footprints in building infrastructures